《環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)》雙語(yǔ)教材為高等院校環(huán)境化學(xué)相關(guān)課程的配套教材。本書(shū)共四章，第一章緒論，主要內(nèi)容包括環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的和任務(wù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全守則和實(shí)驗(yàn)室意外事故處理；第二章常用儀器使用方法，主要內(nèi)容包括玻璃儀器的洗滌及干燥方法、環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)用水及制備和環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)常用儀器；第三章環(huán)境樣品前處理技術(shù)，主要內(nèi)容包括氣體樣品采集方法、水樣采集與保存、土壤樣品采集與保存和生物樣品采集與保存；第四章環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，包括七個(gè)大氣環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)、八個(gè)水環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)、五個(gè)土壤環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和五個(gè)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的生態(tài)效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。本書(shū)可作為高等院校環(huán)境科學(xué)、化學(xué)、生物專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生教材，也可作為其他相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生、研究生以及環(huán)境科學(xué)工作者的參考用書(shū)。
本書(shū)編寫(xiě)過(guò)程從環(huán)境化學(xué)相關(guān)科學(xué)研究的關(guān)注點(diǎn)著手，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新研究和解決復(fù)雜工程問(wèn)題的能力為目標(biāo)，在傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上編入了一些新的前沿研究資料，注意反饋當(dāng)今所關(guān)注的環(huán)境問(wèn)題的新進(jìn)展。本教材的特色如下：①將新的科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，使實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容緊跟時(shí)代步伐；②本教材為中英文雙語(yǔ)版，在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生國(guó)際交流能力方面具有特色；③增加設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究性實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，提升學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)。
前言
環(huán)境化學(xué)是一門(mén)研究有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)在環(huán)境介質(zhì)中的存在、化學(xué)特性、行為和效應(yīng)及其控制的化學(xué)原理和方法的科學(xué)。我國(guó)環(huán)境化學(xué)學(xué)科作為化學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支，已經(jīng)成為環(huán)境科學(xué)的主流與核心組成部分。
本書(shū)編者團(tuán)隊(duì)致力于環(huán)境化學(xué)課程的教學(xué)工作，具備豐富的環(huán)境科學(xué)研究與環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，2010年獲批雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)示范課程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目（教高函〔2010〕11號(hào)）及北京科技大學(xué)教材建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，2014年出版《環(huán)境化學(xué)習(xí)題集》雙語(yǔ)教材，2016年出版《環(huán)境化學(xué)》雙語(yǔ)教材。編者在總結(jié)環(huán)境化學(xué)學(xué)科研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合北京科技大學(xué)十四五重大教育教學(xué)改革方向編寫(xiě)此書(shū)，旨在提升相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的教師和學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)水平和實(shí)驗(yàn)操作技能，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國(guó)情懷和大國(guó)工匠精神，為實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)的碳達(dá)峰和碳中和目標(biāo)作出貢獻(xiàn)。
《環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)》雙語(yǔ)教材主要面向高等院校環(huán)境、化學(xué)、生物、材料、冶金、能源等專(zhuān)業(yè)的本科生，與《環(huán)境化學(xué)》雙語(yǔ)教材和《環(huán)境化學(xué)習(xí)題集》雙語(yǔ)教材配套使用。
本書(shū)由弓愛(ài)君任主編，邱麗娜、張瑋瑋任副主編。全書(shū)共四章，包括25個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，從基礎(chǔ)性實(shí)驗(yàn)到綜合性、研究性實(shí)驗(yàn)，內(nèi)容涵蓋大氣環(huán)境化學(xué)、水環(huán)境化學(xué)、土壤環(huán)境化學(xué)及化學(xué)物質(zhì)的生態(tài)效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)等。其中第一章緒論由張瑋瑋、高歌、陳越執(zhí)筆；第二章常用儀器使用方法由白玉臻、王奕文、李鵬云執(zhí)筆；第三章環(huán)境樣品前處理技術(shù)由邱麗娜、趙偉宇、王翔海執(zhí)筆；第四章環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)由弓愛(ài)君、劉楊、韓孟陽(yáng)、曹龍、董藝、許鑫執(zhí)筆。
限于學(xué)識(shí)、文字和英語(yǔ)水平，書(shū)中難免存在疏漏，希望得到讀者及同仁的批評(píng)和指正。
編著者
2024年10月
Preface
Environmental chemistry is a science that studies the existence，chemical properties，behaviors，and effects of harmful chemicals in environmental media， as well as the chemical principles and methods for their control. The discipline of environmental chemistry in China has become an important branch of chemistry and a mainstream and core component of env-ironmental science.
The team of authors of this book is dedicated to teaching environmental chemistry courses and has rich experience in environmental science research and experimental practice.In 2010，it was approved by the Ministry of Education for the construction of bilingual teaching demonstration courses（Jiao Gao Han〔2010〕No.11）and the textbook construction project of University of Science and Technology Beijing.In 2014，the bilingual textbook Exercises in Chemistry of the Environment was published.In 2016，a bilingual textbook titled Chemistry of the Environment was published.On the basis of summarizing the research achievements of environmental chemistry and combining with the major education and teaching reform direction of the 14th Five Year Plan of University of Science and Technology Beijing，we have compiled this text book.It was intended to improve the understanding level and experimental operation skills of teachers and students in related fields，cultivate students patriotism and national craftsmanship spirit， and contribute to achieving Chinas goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
The bilingual textbook of Experiments in Environmental Chemistry is mainly aimed at undergraduate students majoring in environment，chemistry，biology， materials， metallurgy， energy， etc.It is used in conjunction with the bilingual textbooks of Chemistry of the Environment and Exercises in Chemistry of the Environment.
This book was compiled with Gong Aijun as the chief editor，and Qiu Lina and Zhang Weiwei as the associate editor. The book consists of four chapters， including 25 experiments， ranging from basic experiments to comprehensive and research-oriented experiments.The content covers atmospheric environmental chemistry，water environmental chemistry，soil environmental chemistry， and ecological effects experiments of chemical substances.The first chapter of the introduction was written by Zhang Weiwei，Gao Ge，and Chen Yue；Chapter 2 the usage of common instruments was written by Bai Yuzhen，Wang Yiwen，and Li Pengyun；Chapter 3 pretreatment technology of environmental samples was written by Qiu Lina， Zhao Weiyu， and Wang Xianghai； The fourth chapter of environmental chemistry experiments was written by Gong Aijun，Liu Yang，Han Mengyang，Cao Long，Dong Yi，and Xu Xin.
Due to limitations in knowledge，writing，and English proficiency，there are inevitably flaws in the book.We hope to receive criticism and corrections from readers and colleagues.
Editor
2024.10
第一章 緒論1
第一節(jié) 環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的和任務(wù) 1
第二節(jié) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全守則 1
第三節(jié) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室意外事故處理 3
第二章 常用儀器使用方法5
第一節(jié) 玻璃儀器的洗滌及干燥方法 5
一、玻璃儀器的洗滌 5
二、玻璃儀器的干燥 6
第二節(jié) 環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)用水及制備 6
一、蒸餾水 6
二、去離子水 7
第三節(jié) 環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)常用儀器 9
一、天平 9
二、3200型原子吸收分光光度計(jì) 11
三、2100P型便攜式濁度儀 15
四、FB2200型酸度計(jì) 17
第三章 環(huán)境樣品前處理技術(shù)19
第一節(jié) 氣體樣品采集方法 19
一、氣溶膠(煙霧)樣品的采集 19
二、室內(nèi)空氣污染物樣品的采集 20
第二節(jié) 水樣采集與保存 21
一、水樣的采集 21
二、水樣的預(yù)處理與保存 22
第三節(jié) 土壤樣品采集與保存 25
一、土壤樣品的采集 25
二、土壤樣品的預(yù)處理與保存 25
第四節(jié) 生物樣品采集與保存 26
一、生物樣品的采集 26
二、生物樣品的預(yù)處理與保存 27
第四章 環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)28
第一節(jié) 大氣環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn) 28
實(shí)驗(yàn)一 城市大氣氣溶膠中多環(huán)芳烴的污染分析 28
實(shí)驗(yàn)二 室內(nèi)空氣中苯的污染分析 31
實(shí)驗(yàn)三 室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛的濃度水平 33
實(shí)驗(yàn)四 環(huán)境空氣中SO2 液相氧化模擬 37
實(shí)驗(yàn)五 空氣中SO2 的測(cè)定 39
實(shí)驗(yàn)六 鹽酸萘乙二胺分光光度法測(cè)定空氣中氮氧化物含量 43
實(shí)驗(yàn)七 靛藍(lán)二磺酸鈉分光光度法測(cè)定環(huán)境空氣中的臭氧含量 47
第二節(jié) 水環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn) 50
實(shí)驗(yàn)八 飲用水中余氯的測(cè)定(碘量法滴定) 50
實(shí)驗(yàn)九 水中Cl- 的測(cè)定(沉淀滴定) 52
實(shí)驗(yàn)十 Fenton試劑催化氧化染料廢水 55
實(shí)驗(yàn)十一 天然水中銅的存在形態(tài) 57
實(shí)驗(yàn)十二 廢水中生化需氧量(BOD5)的測(cè)定 60
實(shí)驗(yàn)十三 工業(yè)廢水中鉻的測(cè)定(二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法) 61
實(shí)驗(yàn)十四 混凝實(shí)驗(yàn) 64
實(shí)驗(yàn)十五 非色散紅外吸收法測(cè)定水中總有機(jī)碳含量 67
第三節(jié) 土壤環(huán)境化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn) 70
實(shí)驗(yàn)十六 石墨爐原子吸收光譜法測(cè)定土壤中的鉛 70
實(shí)驗(yàn)十七 重金屬污染土壤的化學(xué)修復(fù)(EDTA 對(duì)土壤中銅的淋洗) 72
實(shí)驗(yàn)十八 土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的測(cè)定 76
實(shí)驗(yàn)十九 土壤陽(yáng)離子交換量的測(cè)定 79
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十 火焰原子吸收法測(cè)定工業(yè)固體廢物中銅、鋅、鉛、鎘的含量 81
第四節(jié) 化學(xué)物質(zhì)的生態(tài)效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn) 84
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十一 底泥對(duì)苯酚的吸附作用 84
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十二 水中有機(jī)物的揮發(fā)速率 87
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十三 底泥中鉻的簡(jiǎn)單狀態(tài)鑒別 89
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十四 沉積物中重金屬的存在形式和遷移規(guī)律的研究 92
實(shí)驗(yàn)二十五 氫化原子熒光光度法測(cè)定食品中總砷的含量 95
參考文獻(xiàn) 98
Chapter 1 Introduction 99
Section 1 Purpose and task of environmental chemistry experiments 99
Section 2 Laboratory safety rules 100
Section 3 Handling of laboratory accidents 102
Chapter 2 The usage of common instruments 104
Section 1 Washing and drying methods of glass instruments 104
1 Washing of glass instruments 104
2 Drying of glass instruments 105
Section 2 Water for environmental chemistry experiments and its preparation 106
1 Distilled water 106
2 Deionized water 106
Section 3 Common instruments for environmental chemistry experiments 109
1 Balance 109
2 3200 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer 113
3 2100P Portable turbidimeter 118
4 FB2200 Acidometer 121
Chapter 3 Pretreatment technology of environmental samples 123
Section 1 Collection methods of gas samples 123
1 Collection of aerosol(smog)samples 123
2 Collection of indoor air pollutants samples 125
Section 2 Collection and preservation of water samples 126
1 Collection of water samples 126
2 Pretreatment and preservation of water samples 128
Section 3 Collection and preservation of soil samples 132
1 Collection of soil samples 132
2 Pretreatment and preservation of soil samples 133
Section 4 Collection and preservation of biological samples 134
1 Collection of biological samples 134
2 Pretreatment and preservation of biological samples 135
Chapter 4 Environmental chemistry experiments 137
Section 1 Atmospheric environmental chemistry experiments 137
Experiment 1 Pollution analysis of PAHs in urban atmospheric aerosol 137
Experiment 2 Pollution analysis of benzene in indoor air 141
Experiment 3 Concentration level of formaldehyde in indoor air 145
Experiment 4 Liquid phase oxidation simulation of SO2 in ambient air 150
Experiment 5 Determination of SO2 in air 152
Experiment 6 Determination of nitrogen oxides in air with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride spectrophotometry 158
Experiment 7 Determination of ozone in ambient air using sodium indigo disulfonate spectrophotometry 164
Section 2 Water environmental chemistry experiments 168
Experiment 8 Determination of residual chlorine in drinking water (iodimetric titration) 168
Experiment 9 Determination of Cl- in water (precipitation titration) 171
Experiment 10 Fenton reagent catalyzed oxidation of dye wastewater 174
Experiment 11 Existing forms of copper in natural water 177
Experiment 12 Determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in wastewater 180
Experiment 13 Determination of chromium in industrial wastewater (diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry) 182
Experiment 14 Coagulation experiment 186
Experiment 15 Determination of total organic carbon in water by nondispersive infrared absorption method 190
Section 3 Soil environmental chemistry experiments 195
Experiment 16 Determination of lead in soil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry 195
Experiment 17 Chemical remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals (EDTA leaching of copper from soil) 197
Experiment 18 Determination of soil organic matter 203
Experiment 19 Determination of soil cation exchange capacity 206
Experiment 20 Determination of copper，zinc，lead，and cadmium in industrial solid waste by flame atomic absorption spectrometry 210
Section 4 Ecological effects experiments of chemical substances 214
Experiment 21 Adsorption of phenol by sediment 214
Experiment 22 Evaporation rate of organic matter in water 218
Experiment 23 Simple identification of chromium in sediment 220
Experiment 24 Study on the existence forms and migration rules of heavy metals in sediment 224
Experiment 25 Determination of total arsenic content in food by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry 229
References 233
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