Introduction / 1 Chapter 1 Status Quo of Trial Efficiency and Quality in China’s Civil Litigation / 13 1.1 Status Quo of Trial Efficiency and Quality in China / 14 1.1.1 Evaluation of Trial Efficiency / 15 1.1.2 Evaluation Index of Trial Quality of Courts in China / 18 1.2 Weights Setting of Judges’ Performance Assessment Indicators / 25 1.3 Insufficient Trial Resources in Local Courts / 29 1.3.1 Dramatically Increased Cases but Limited Quota Judges / 30 1.3.2 Great Pressure on Judges / 33 1.3.3 AI Making Up for the Shortage of Judicial Assistants / 36 1.4 Loopholes of Internal Trial Supervision Brought by Judicial Accountability System / 38 1.4.1 Court Leading Cadres Being Hesitant or Unwilling to Supervise / 41 1.4.2 Defects of the New Case Assignment System / 43 1.4.3 Other Dilemmas / 46 1.5 Trialquality Ignorance of the Smart Court Construction in the Early Stage / 49 1.5.1 Construction and Development History of Smart Courts / 52 1.5.2 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Courts / 56 1.5.3 The Goal Pursuit in the Early Stage of Smart Courts: Efficiency Orientation / 81 1.6 Distrust on AI Participating in Trial: Based on a Questionnaire / 85 1.6.1 Overview Information of Respondents and Investigation Methodology of the Questionnaire / 86 1.6.2 Survey Results and Data Analysis / 88 1.7 Conclusion / 96 Chapter 2 Legal Reasoning and the Development of Court Intelligent Auxiliary Case Handling System / 98 2.1 Development Goal: Promoting Trial Quality and Further Improving Trial Efficiency / 102 2.1.1 General Goal of Trial Quality: Treating Similar Cases Alike / 102 2.1.2 Subgoal 1: to Solve the Law Application Justification Problems / 105 2.1.3 Subgoal 2: to Solve the Problem of Unifying“ Similar Cases” Standard / 109 2.1.4 Subgoal 3: to Solve the Problem in the Legal Reasoning Process / 115 2.1.5 Other Subgoals / 118 2.2 Selection of Research and Development Domain / 119 2.3 Jurisprudence Basis and Model of Legal Reasoning / 126 2.3.1 Deduction: RuleBased Reasoning / 127 2.3.2 Nonmonotonic Logic and Defeasible Reasoning Model / 129 2.3.3 Analogy: CaseBased Reasoning and KnowledgeBased Reasoning / 137 2.3.4 Cooperative Paradigm Reasoning Model— Chinese Choice / 144 2.4 Building the Intelligent Auxiliary Case Handling System for Road Traffic Accident Compensation Disputes / 147 2.4.1 Building RuleBased Reasoning System / 148 2.4.2 Building KnowledgeBased Reasoning Model / 155 2.4.3 Establishment of Defeasible Reasoning Model / 164 2.4.4 Construction of CaseBased Reasoning Model / 167 2.4.5 Establishment of Intelligent Auxiliary Case Handling System / 178 2.5 Conclusion / 183 Chapter 3 Law Expectation and Due Process: From Perspective of Civil Litigation / 188 3.1 Absence of Law Causing Legal Expectation of Intelligent Trial Failed / 189 3.2 Embedding the Intelligent Auxiliary Case Handling System in Civil Procedure / 194 3.2.1 ElementOriented Trial Mode Applied in Road Traffic Cases / 194 3.2.2 Scope of the ElementOriented Court Trial Expanded to Complicated Cases / 208 3.2.3 Different Judgment Reasoning Requirements in Summary and Formal Procedures / 213 3.2.4 Embedding the Intelligent Auxiliary Case Handling System in Civil Procedures / 217 3.3 Institutional Design of Intelligent Adjudication in the Civil Procedure Law / 220 3.3.1 Substituting the Judge to Make Adjudication in Summary Procedure / 221 3.3.2 Assisting the Judge to Make Adjudication in Formal Procedure / 223 3.3.3 Compulsory Application of the IACHS in the First Instance Trial in the Selected Domain / 227 3.3.4 Trial Responsibility Allocation / 235 3.3.5 Application of IACHS in Appeal and Retrial Procedure / 240 3.4 Dual Shaping of Due Process on the IACHS: Procedural Legitimacy and Substantive Legitimacy / 243 3.4.1 Procedure Subjects: Role Separation / 246 3.4.2 Subject’s Behavior: Time Requirements and Communication Rules / 250 3.4.3 Procedure Result: Judgment Acceptability / 260 3.5 Conclusion / 263 Findings and Forward: the Judicial World of HumanMachine Collaboration / 267 Appendix 1 / 285 Appendix 2 / 288 Appendix 3 / 292