浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害（1949-2020）
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- 作者： 李尚魯，曾劍，朱業(yè)，丁駿 等 著
- 出版時(shí)間：2021/9/1
- ISBN：9787521008227
- 出 版 社：海洋出版社
- 中圖法分類(lèi)：P731.23
- 頁(yè)碼：276
- 紙張：膠版紙
- 版次：1
- 開(kāi)本：16開(kāi)
《浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害（1949-2020）》基于長(zhǎng)期風(fēng)暴潮觀測(cè)預(yù)警減災(zāi)工作中積累的豐富資料，全面收集、詳細(xì)分析了中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來(lái)對(duì)浙江沿海產(chǎn)生重要影響的風(fēng)暴潮案例，圖文并茂，闡述了臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮時(shí)間特征和空間分布特征，并根據(jù)潮位超警情況對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害進(jìn)行了史料分類(lèi)，同時(shí)介紹了浙江風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害防御體系建設(shè)情況。
《浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害（1949-2020）》為讀者了解浙江沿海風(fēng)暴潮特征并開(kāi)展相關(guān)研究提供了寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)資料，為提高風(fēng)暴潮預(yù)警綜合研判水平、發(fā)展風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)和開(kāi)展風(fēng)暴潮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估等工作提供了科學(xué)參考依據(jù)。
風(fēng)暴潮是由熱帶氣旋、溫帶天氣系統(tǒng)、海上颮線等風(fēng)暴過(guò)境所伴隨的強(qiáng)風(fēng)和氣壓驟變而引起的局部海面振蕩或非周期性異常升高（降低）現(xiàn)象，是我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)常見(jiàn)的海洋災(zāi)害。中國(guó)歷史文獻(xiàn)中稱(chēng)為海溢、海嘯、海侵、大海潮等。按照引起風(fēng)暴潮的大氣擾動(dòng)的特征，我國(guó)風(fēng)暴潮大體可分為臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮和溫帶風(fēng)暴潮兩大類(lèi)。臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮多發(fā)生在夏秋季節(jié)，其特點(diǎn)是：來(lái)勢(shì)猛、速度快、強(qiáng)度大、破壞力強(qiáng)。
浙江省為我國(guó)沿海風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害最嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域之一，又以臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮為主。歷史上曾多次出現(xiàn)過(guò)特大臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害，對(duì)浙江省的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生重大影響。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1949-2020年71年間發(fā)生較明顯的臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮過(guò)程139次，年平均2次，因?yàn)?zāi)死亡累計(jì)11584人；1949-2020年共有46個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)登陸浙江，平均1.5年就有一個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)在浙江登陸，登陸浙江的臺(tái)風(fēng)往往會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害。這些臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮引起沿岸增水和高潮位，導(dǎo)致海水漫溢堤壩、淹沒(méi)沿海陸地，對(duì)浙江沿海地區(qū)生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重威脅，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失巨大。1949年以來(lái)，登陸我國(guó)的超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)5612號(hào)、0608號(hào)、1909號(hào)，強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)9417號(hào)、9711號(hào)、0216號(hào)、0414號(hào)等都在浙江省引發(fā)了特大風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害，屢次刷新沿海潮位站歷史最高潮位和最大增水記錄。根據(jù)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)后現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查，單次登陸型強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)引發(fā)的風(fēng)暴潮往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致海水漫過(guò)堤壩、海水入侵，使堤壩受損甚至崩潰，從而引發(fā)海水入侵內(nèi)陸數(shù)千米甚至數(shù)十千米，城市內(nèi)澇，良田被淹，人員傷亡等災(zāi)害，極端情況下，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失可超過(guò)百億。準(zhǔn)確模擬和評(píng)估臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮，特別是了解正面登陸臺(tái)風(fēng)影響下整個(gè)浙江沿海地區(qū)的風(fēng)暴潮增水和高潮位分布規(guī)律，并準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估每次臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不斷提高臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮預(yù)報(bào)精度和預(yù)報(bào)的穩(wěn)定度，對(duì)各級(jí)政府和有關(guān)部門(mén)做好風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害防御與應(yīng)對(duì)工作，減少臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害損失有非常重要的意義。
本書(shū)收集整理了1949-2020年影響浙江沿海的139個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮過(guò)程的數(shù)據(jù)資料，為全面反映浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮特征及其造成的影響，本書(shū)分3章開(kāi)展相關(guān)內(nèi)容的辨析。第1章為“臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害概述”，闡述了臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮概念、浙江省的海洋環(huán)境、歷史上特大風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害及浙江省防御體系；第2章為“浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮時(shí)空特征”，闡述了風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)、典型臺(tái)風(fēng)的選取、臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮時(shí)間特征及空間特征；第3章為“浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮過(guò)程”，闡述了139個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)的具體情況。
由于時(shí)間緊，數(shù)據(jù)量大，作者水平有限，在資料整編和分析過(guò)程中，錯(cuò)誤和疏漏之處在所難免，希望廣大讀者批評(píng)指正。
本書(shū)得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目“臺(tái)風(fēng)暴潮對(duì)錢(qián)塘江涌潮的影響和作用機(jī)理（51779228）”資助，在此表示感謝。
章 臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害概述 ·····························································11．1 風(fēng)暴潮與潮災(zāi) ············································································31．2 浙江海洋環(huán)境 ············································································31．2．1 地理位置 ·········································································31．2．2 地形地貌 ·········································································41．2．3 氣候與氣象 ······································································41．2．4 岸線 ···············································································41．2．5 潮汐 ···············································································51．2．6 入海河流 ·········································································51．2．7 水下地形 ·········································································61．3 浙江歷史特大風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害 ·····························································61．4 災(zāi)害防御體系 ············································································81．4．1 海塘建設(shè) ·········································································81．4．2 觀測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)體系建設(shè) ·····························································91．4．3 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控體系建設(shè) ··························································· 11第2章 浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮時(shí)空特征 ···················································· 132．1 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與過(guò)程選取 ································································· 152．1．1 警戒潮位 ······································································· 152．1．2 風(fēng)暴潮超警戒等級(jí) ··························································· 182．1．3 風(fēng)暴增水等級(jí) ································································· 192．1．4 典型臺(tái)風(fēng)選取 ································································· 192．2 臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮時(shí)間特征分析 ··························································· 212．2．1 臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮月際分布特征 ·················································· 212．2．2 臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮年代際分布特征 ·············································· 27 2．3 臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮空間特征分析 ··························································· 282．3．1 風(fēng)暴增水空間分布特征 ····················································· 282．3．2 風(fēng)暴潮超警戒空間分布特征 ··············································· 32第3章 浙江臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮過(guò)程 ··························································· 353．1 超紅色警戒潮位臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮 ························································ 373．2 超橙色警戒潮位臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮 ························································ 853．3 超黃色警戒潮位臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮 ·······················································1213．4 超藍(lán)色警戒潮位臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮 ·······················································1633．5 未超警戒潮位（或未收集到潮位資料）臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮 ·························233
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