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第一章　計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).................................................................................................................001
1.1　計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史 ...........................................................................................................001
1.2　計(jì)算機(jī)的組成 ...................................................................................................................010
1.3　計(jì)算機(jī)的分類(lèi) ...................................................................................................................011
1.4　計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè) ...................................................................................018
1.4.1 計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ...............................................................................................018
1.4.2 計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè) ...........................................................................................................019
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................024
第二章　計(jì)算機(jī)配件與組裝.............................................................................................................026
2.1　中央處理器——CPU ........................................................................................................026
2.1.1　CPU 的發(fā)展歷程 ..................................................................................................026
2.1.2　CPU 的組成結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................................................029
2.1.3　CPU 的主要性能參數(shù) ..........................................................................................030
2.1.4　CPU 的選購(gòu)技巧 ..................................................................................................031
2.2　計(jì)算機(jī)倉(cāng)庫(kù)——內(nèi)存 ........................................................................................................032
2.2.1　內(nèi)存的發(fā)展歷程 ...................................................................................................032
2.2.2　內(nèi)存的主要性能參數(shù) ...........................................................................................033
2.2.3　內(nèi)存的維護(hù)及選購(gòu)技巧 .......................................................................................034
2.3　神經(jīng)中樞——主板 ............................................................................................................034
2.3.1　主板的組成結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................................................................035
2.3.2　主板上的芯片組、BIOS 和CMOS 芯片 ............................................................035
2.3.3　主板的主要性能參數(shù) ...........................................................................................036
2.3.4　主板的注意事項(xiàng)與常見(jiàn)故障 ...............................................................................038
2.3.5　主板的選購(gòu)技巧 ...................................................................................................039
2.4　外部存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備——硬盤(pán) ....................................................................................................039
2.4.1　機(jī)械硬盤(pán)的組成 ...................................................................................................040
2.4.2　固態(tài)硬盤(pán) ...............................................................................................................041
2.4.3　硬盤(pán)的主要性能參數(shù) ...........................................................................................042
2.4.4　移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)器 ...........................................................................................................044
2.4.5　硬盤(pán)的使用注意事項(xiàng)及選購(gòu)技巧 .......................................................................044
2.5　圖像顯示——顯卡和顯示屏 ............................................................................................045
2.5.1　顯卡和顯示屏概述 ...............................................................................................045
2.5.2　獨(dú)立顯卡的組成結(jié)構(gòu) ...........................................................................................047
2.5.3　顯卡的性能參數(shù)和選購(gòu)技巧 ...............................................................................048
2.6　聲音呈現(xiàn)——聲卡和音箱 ................................................................................................049
2.6.1　聲卡和音箱的分類(lèi) ...............................................................................................050
2.6.2　聲卡和音箱的選購(gòu)技巧 .......................................................................................051
2.7　穩(wěn)定之源——機(jī)箱和電源 ................................................................................................052
2.7.1　機(jī)箱簡(jiǎn)介 ...............................................................................................................052
2.7.2　機(jī)箱的主要性能參數(shù) ...........................................................................................053
2.7.3　電源簡(jiǎn)介 ...............................................................................................................055
2.7.4　電源的主要性能參數(shù) ...........................................................................................055
2.7.5　機(jī)箱和電源的選購(gòu)技巧 .......................................................................................056
2.8　外部世界——I/O 設(shè)備 .....................................................................................................057
2.8.1　輸入設(shè)備 ...............................................................................................................057
2.8.2　輸出設(shè)備 ...............................................................................................................058
2.8.3　I/O 設(shè)備的接口 .....................................................................................................059
2.8.4　I/O 設(shè)備的選購(gòu)技巧 .............................................................................................060
2.9　組裝計(jì)算機(jī)流程 ...............................................................................................................061
2.9.1　組裝計(jì)算機(jī)準(zhǔn)備工作 ...........................................................................................061
2.9.2　組裝計(jì)算機(jī)的注意事項(xiàng) .......................................................................................062
2.9.3　安裝CPU 和CPU 風(fēng)扇 ........................................................................................063
2.9.4　安裝內(nèi)存 ...............................................................................................................063
2.9.5　安裝主板 ...............................................................................................................064
2.9.6　安裝電源 ...............................................................................................................065
2.9.7　安裝硬盤(pán)、光驅(qū) ...................................................................................................065
2.9.8　安裝顯卡 ...............................................................................................................066
2.9.9　安裝機(jī)箱內(nèi)部的連接線(xiàn) .......................................................................................066
2.9.10　安裝I/O 設(shè)備 ......................................................................................................067
2.9.11　檢查測(cè)試 .............................................................................................................068
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................068
第三章　系統(tǒng)設(shè)置與操作系統(tǒng)的安裝.............................................................................................070
3.1 BIOS ..................................................................................................................................070
3.1.1　BIOS 的概念 .........................................................................................................070
3.1.2　BIOS 的歷史 .........................................................................................................070
3.1.3　BIOS 與CMOS .....................................................................................................071
3.1.4　BIOS 的分類(lèi) .........................................................................................................072
3.1.5　BIOS 的設(shè)置 .........................................................................................................074
3.2 硬盤(pán)分區(qū)與格式化 ...........................................................................................................081
3.2.1　硬盤(pán)的分區(qū)格式 ...................................................................................................081
3.2.2　硬盤(pán)的分區(qū)方法 ...................................................................................................083
3.2.3　硬盤(pán)的格式化 .......................................................................................................086
3.3　U 盤(pán)啟動(dòng)盤(pán)的制作 ............................................................................................................088
3.3.1　U 盤(pán)啟動(dòng)盤(pán)的概念 ...............................................................................................088
3.3.2　制作U 盤(pán)啟動(dòng)盤(pán)的詳細(xì)步驟 ..............................................................................088
3.4 VMware 虛擬機(jī)的設(shè)置 ....................................................................................................090
3.4.1　創(chuàng)建虛擬機(jī) ...........................................................................................................091
3.4.2　設(shè)置虛擬機(jī)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng) ...............................................................................................095
3.5 操作系統(tǒng)的安裝 ...............................................................................................................097
3.5.1　設(shè)置U 盤(pán)啟動(dòng)項(xiàng) ..................................................................................................097
3.5.2　進(jìn)入Windows PE 操作系統(tǒng) ................................................................................099
3.5.3　安裝Windows 7 操作系統(tǒng) ...................................................................................101
3.5.4　安裝Windows 8 操作系統(tǒng) ...................................................................................105
3.5.5　安裝Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng) .................................................................................107
3.5.6　安裝Linux 操作系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................109
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................111
第四章　驅(qū)動(dòng)程序及常用軟件的安裝與計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的防治.........................................................113
4.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的含義及其安裝 ..............................................................................................113
4.1.1　驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的含義 ...................................................................................................113
4.1.2　驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的安裝 ...................................................................................................115
4.2 常用應(yīng)用軟件的安裝 .......................................................................................................117
4.2.1　安裝Office 系列軟件 ...........................................................................................117
4.2.2　安裝360 系列殺毒軟件 .......................................................................................118
4.2.3　安裝下載軟件 .......................................................................................................119
4.2.4　安裝計(jì)算機(jī)檢測(cè)軟件 ...........................................................................................120
4.3 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的防范和處理 ...............................................................................................121
4.3.1　計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的傳播方式 .......................................................................................122
4.3.2　計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的防范 ...............................................................................................124
4.3.3　計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的處理 ...............................................................................................125
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................127
第五章　筆記本電腦的結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知與保養(yǎng).........................................................................................128
5.1 認(rèn)識(shí)筆記本電腦 ...............................................................................................................128
5.1.1　初步了解筆記本電腦 ...........................................................................................128
5.1.2　認(rèn)識(shí)筆記本電腦的外部結(jié)構(gòu) ...............................................................................132
5.1.3　認(rèn)識(shí)筆記本電腦的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) ...............................................................................138
5.1.4　認(rèn)識(shí)筆記本電腦的接口和配件 ...........................................................................144
5.2 選購(gòu)筆記本電腦 ...............................................................................................................149
5.2.1　選購(gòu)筆記本電腦前的準(zhǔn)備 ...................................................................................149
5.2.2　選購(gòu)筆記本電腦的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技巧 ...............................................................................150
5.2.3　檢查與驗(yàn)收筆記本電腦 .......................................................................................153
5.2.4　測(cè)試筆記本電腦 ...................................................................................................155
5.3 筆記本電腦的拆裝 ...........................................................................................................162
5.3.1　筆記本拆裝虛擬教學(xué)與考核系統(tǒng)演示 ...............................................................162
5.3.2　筆記本電腦的拆裝方法 .......................................................................................168
5.4 筆記本電腦的保養(yǎng)與升級(jí) ...............................................................................................173
5.4.1　筆記本電腦的日常保養(yǎng)技巧 ...............................................................................173
5.4.2　保養(yǎng)筆記本電腦硬件 ...........................................................................................175
5.4.3　升級(jí)筆記本電腦硬件前的準(zhǔn)備 ...........................................................................178
5.4.4　升級(jí)筆記本電腦硬件的注意事項(xiàng) .......................................................................179
5.4.5　升級(jí)筆記本電腦硬件 ...........................................................................................179
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................181
第六章　筆記本電腦故障的檢測(cè)與處理.........................................................................................182
6.1 筆記本電腦故障的分析 ...................................................................................................182
6.2 筆記本電腦故障的檢測(cè)方法 ...........................................................................................184
6.3 筆記本電腦故障的處理方法 ...........................................................................................186
6.3.1　CPU 故障的處理 ..................................................................................................186
6.3.2　主板故障的處理 ...................................................................................................189
6.3.3　硬盤(pán)故障的處理 ...................................................................................................191
6.3.4　內(nèi)存故障的處理 ...................................................................................................193
6.3.5　電池故障的處理 ...................................................................................................195
6.3.6　其他硬件故障的處理 ...........................................................................................197
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................202
7.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) .......................................................................................................205
7.1.1　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能 ...............................................................................................205
7.1.2　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成 ...............................................................................................205
7.1.3　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類(lèi) ...............................................................................................206
7.1.4　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸介質(zhì) .......................................................................................206
7.1.5　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備 ...................................................................................................208
7.1.6　IP 地址 ...................................................................................................................212
7.1.7　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入方式 ...............................................................................................213
7.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接線(xiàn) ...............................................................................................................215
7.2.1　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接線(xiàn)的設(shè)置 .......................................................................................215
7.2.2　網(wǎng)絡(luò)雙絞線(xiàn)的制作 ...............................................................................................216
7.2.3　網(wǎng)絡(luò)模塊的端接原理和步驟 ...............................................................................217
單元測(cè)試 ....................................................................................................................................218
附錄A　單元測(cè)試答案 .....................................................................................................................219
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................................226