本手冊(cè)提供各種材料的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)，是一本簡(jiǎn)潔的手邊工具書(shū)。第二版與第一版的差別是擴(kuò)充了新的家用材料，但重點(diǎn)是每一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的工業(yè)材料。
Introduction
14Soils and Fertilizers
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History
14.3 Pedogenesis
14.3.1 Weathering and Alteration ofMinerals and Clays Formation
14.3.2Incorporation of Organic Matter
14.3.3 Mass Transfer between Horizons
14.3.3.1 Descending Processes
14.3.3.2 Ascending Processes
14.4 SoilMorphology
14.4.1Maj orHorizons
14.4.2 Transitional Horizons
14.4.3Subdivisions of Master Horizons
14.5 SoilProperties
14.5.1Horizon Boundaries
14.5.2 Coloration of Soils
14.5.2 Soil Texture
14.5.4Soil Structure
14.5.5 Consistency
14.5.6Roots
14.5.7Acidity （pH） and Effervescence
14.6 SoilTaxonomy
14.6.1USDA Classification of Soils
14.6.2FAO Classification of Soils
14.6.3French Classification of Soils
14.6.4 ASTM Civil Engineering Classification of Soils
14.7Soil Identification
14.8 ISO and ASTM Standards
14.9 PhysicalProperties ofCommon Soils
14.10 Fertilizers
14.10.1Nitrogen Fertilizers
14.10.2 Phosphorus Fertilizers
14.10.3 Potassium Fertilizers
14.10.4 Role ofMicronutrients in Soils
14.11 FurtherReading
15Cements， Concrete， Building Stones and Construction Materials
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Nonhydraulic Cements
15.2 Portland Cement
15.2.1History
15.2.2 Raw Materials for Portland Cement
15.2.3Processing of Portland Cement
15.2.4Portland Cement Chemistry
15.2.5 Portland Cement Nomenclature
15.3 Aggregates
15.3.1 Coarse Aggregates
15.3.2Fine Aggregates
15.4 Mineral Admixtures
15.5 Mortars and Concrete
15.5.1Definitionsg
15.5.2 Degradation Processes
15.6 Ceramics for Construction
15.7 Building Stones
15.7.1 Limestones and Dolomites
15.7.2 Sandstones
15.7.3Basalt
15.7.4 Granite
15.8 Further Reading
16 Timbers and Woods
16.1General Description
16.2 Properties ofWoods
16.2.1 Moisture Content
16.2.2 Speafic Gravity and Density
16.2.3 Drying and Shrinkage
16.2.4 Mechanical Properties
16.2.5Thermal Properties
16.2.6 Electrical Properties
16.2.7 Heating Values and Flammability
16.2.8 Durability and Decay Resistance
16.3Properties of Hardwoods and Softwoods
16.4Applications
16.5 Wood Performance in Various Corrosives
16.6 Further Reading
17Fuels，PropeUants and Explosivesggg
17.1 Introduction and Classification
17.2 Combustion Characteristics
17.2.1Enthalpy of Combustion
17.2.1.1Stoichiometric Combustion Ratios
17.2.1.2Low （Net） and High （Gross） Heating Values
17.2.1.3 AirExcess
17.2.1.4 Dulong's Equations and Other Practical Equations
17.2.1.5Adiabatic Flame Temperature
17.2.1.6Wobbe Index for Gaseous Fuels
17.3Solid Fuels： Coals and Cokes
17.4 Liquid Fuels
17.5Gaseous Fuels
17.6 Prices ofCommon Fuels
17.7 Propellants
17.7.1Liquid Propellants
17.7.1.1 Petroleum—based Propellants
17.7.1.2 CryogenicPropellants
17.7.1.3 Hypergolic Propellants
17.7.2SolidPropellants
17.8 Explosives
17.9 FurtherReading
17.9.1Fuels and Combustion
17.9.2 Propellants and Explosives
18 CompositeMaterials
18.1Definitions
18.2 PropertiesofComposites
18.2.1Density
18.2.2 Tensile Strength and Elastic Moduli
18.2.3 Specific Heat Capacity
18.2.4 The rmalCo nd uctivity
18.2.5 Thermal Expansion Coefficient
18.3 Fabrication Processes for Monofilaments
18.4 Reinforcement Materials
18.4.1 GlassFibers
18.4.2BoronFibers
18.4.3Carbo nFibers
18.4.4 Polyethylene Fibers
18.4.5PolyaramideFib e rs
18.4.6Ceramic Oxide Fibers
18.4.7 Silicon Carbide Fibers
18.5 Polymer Matrix Composites （PMCs）
18.6 MetalMatrix Composites （MMCs）
18.7 Ceramic Matrix Composites （CMCs）
18.8 Carbon—Carbon Composites （CCs）
18.9 FurtherReading.1035
Index
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