目前,隨著環(huán)境污染、石油資源不可再生等問題日趨嚴重,環(huán)境污染和能源局限已成了世界范圍內(nèi)的以內(nèi)燃機為動力的燃油汽車所面臨的兩大難題。2015年2月,科技部發(fā)布《國家重點研發(fā)計劃新能源汽車重點專項實施方案(征求意見稿)》,旨在落實《節(jié)能與新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2012-2020年)》,并強調(diào)實施新能源汽車“純電驅(qū)動”技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型戰(zhàn)略,完善電動汽車“三縱三橫”技術(shù)體系和新能源汽車研發(fā)體系等內(nèi)容。發(fā)展新能源汽車包括混合動力汽車(H=EV)、純電動汽車(PEV)以及燃料電池汽車(FCEV)是實現(xiàn)我國能源安全和環(huán)境保護以及中國汽車工業(yè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。純電動汽車以車載二次電源作為儲能方式,以電動機為動力裝置驅(qū)動車輛行駛,相比混合動力汽車而言,具有零排放、低噪聲且結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等特點,而相比燃料電池則在當前更具產(chǎn)業(yè)化的基礎,因此而受到了世界各國政府及汽車企業(yè)的廣泛關注。
本書從新能源汽車專業(yè)英語的角度出發(fā),將新能源汽車技術(shù)內(nèi)容劃分為電池、電機、電控三部分核心技術(shù),另外增加新能源汽車發(fā)展歷史、現(xiàn)狀,以及相關的國外產(chǎn)業(yè)政策等內(nèi)容。本書編寫過程中,結(jié)合目前很多國外新能源汽車技術(shù),將其系統(tǒng)化后,結(jié)合國內(nèi)新能源汽車專業(yè)培養(yǎng)學生需要,以及行業(yè)、企業(yè)崗位需求,以項目化教學為主線,設計本書的內(nèi)容。
全書由衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院方曉汾老師編著,項目一、項目二、項目三由東北石油大學張勇老師和惠州經(jīng)濟職業(yè)技術(shù)學院鐘文浩老師審稿,項目四、項目五由河北工業(yè)大學武春龍老師審稿,項目六、項目七由江蘇安全技術(shù)職業(yè)學院溫俊芳老師審稿,南京理工大學方斌教授主審。
感謝共同參與工作的衢州求是科技聯(lián)合會各位同仁,感謝浙江大學朱紹鵬副教授、美國ASE(Automotive Service Excellence)高級技師Paul Polzer提出的寶貴修改意見。感謝校級課改項目(NO.KGXM201609)支持。
本書在編寫過程中,引用了純電動汽車標準、網(wǎng)絡資源以及圖片,特向其作者表示感謝。
由于時間倉促,水平有限,書中難免存在疏漏或不妥之處,歡迎讀者隨時提出批評。有不清楚的地方希望讀者盡快與我們聯(lián)系。
Learning Situation One A Brief History
Section 1.1 Early days
Section 1.2 Developments Towards the End of the 20th Century
Learning Situation Two Electric Vehicle in Use Today
Section 2.1 Battery electric vehicles
Section 2.2 The IC engine/electric hybrid vehicle
Section 2.3 Fuelled electric vehicles
Learning Situation Three Batteries
Section 3.1 Cell and battery voltages
Section 3.2 Charge (or Amphour) capacity
Section 3.3 Energy stored
Section 3.4 Specific energy and Energy density
Section 3.5 Specific power
Section 3.6 Amphour (or charge) efficiency and Energy efficiency
Section 3.7 Self-discharge rates
Section 3.8 Battery geometry
Section 3.9 Lead Acid Batteries
Section 3.10 Battery life and maintenance
Learning Situation Four Electric Machines and their Controllers
Section 4.1 The 'Brushed' DC Electric Motor
4.1.1 Operation of the basic DC motor
4.1.2 Torque speed characteristics
4.1.3 Controlling the brushed DC motor
4.1.4 Providing the magnetic field for DC motors
4.1.5 DC motor efficiency
4.1.6 Motor losses and motor size
4.1.7 Electric motors as brakes
Section 4.2 DC Regulation and Voltage Conversion
4.2.1 Switching devices
4.2.2 Step - down or ‘buck’ regulators
4.2.3 Step - up or ‘boost’switching regulator
4.2.4 Single - phase inverters
4.2.5 Three - phase
Section 4.3 Brushless Electric Motors
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 The brushless DC motor
4.3.3 Switched reluctance motors
4.3.4 The induction motor
Section 4.4 Motor Cooling, Efficiency, Size and Mass
4.4.1 Improving motor efficiency
4.4.2 Motor mass
Section 4.5 Electrical Machines for Hybrid Vehicles
Learning Situation Five Electric Vehicles and the Environment
Section 5.1 Vehicle pollution : the Effects
Section 5.2 Vehicle pollution : a Quantitative Analysis
Section 5.3 Vehicle Pollution in Context
Section 5.4 Alternative and Sustainable Energy Used via the Grid
5.4.1 Solar energy
5.4.2 Wind energy
5.4.3 Hydro energy
5.4.4 Tidal energy
5.4.5 Biomass energy
Section 5.5 Using Sustainable Energy with Fuelled Vehicles
Section 5.6 The Role of Regulations and Law Makers
Learning Situation Six Safety Considerations
Section 6.1 Electric system safety
Section 6.2 Maintenance Safety
Learning Situation Seven Case Study
Section 7.1 Rechargeable Battery Vehicles
7.1.1 Tesla Model S
7.1.2 Nissan Leaf
Section 7.2 Hybrid Vehicles
7.2.1 Honda Insight
7.2.2 Toyota Prius
Appendix Curiosity Rover on Mars
Abbreviation
Reference